Following compilation contains reviews and original research works in the fields of modern reproductive biotechnologies, genomic instability, genomics, veterinary genetics of the livestock species. Articles discuss aspects connected to livestock reproduction, primarily cattle reproduction, and its' optimization using modern biotechnological and genomic methods and approaches. Problems of both fundamental character, for example, problems of variability of animal genetic apparatus and its' connection with adaptation to ecological and geographical features of the habitats, formation of the breeds, selection and reproductive status of certain individuals, and of practical character, for example, peculiarities of the separate steps in IVP of the bovine embryos, or production of the leptospirosis vaccines, are concerned. In addition, the compilation concerns itself with bioethical aspects of the reproductive technologies use in livestock production and medicine. Present issue allows reader to learn about current situation in separate fields of reproductive biotechnology with regard to livestock production. This compilation can be useful for all readers, who take interest in current situation in the agrarian sector, livestock production, agrobiotechnology development and application of biotechnological methods in dealing with the farm animals, for agricultural specialists, and for lecturers and students of the higher educational institutions of biological and agricultural specialization.

The short report of data on critical problems of introduction to breeding of modern genomic and biotechnology methods was presented, the reasons of needing of special attention to genetic structures of the animal agricultural types, caused by the accelerated reduction of their biodiversity, replacements of autochthonous breeds were considered. Various approaches to genomic scanning for transition to landscape genomics of farm animal species for optimization of their genetic potential using were discussed. The directions of genomic selection and the reason of restrictions of efficiency of them, caused both genotype and paratype components of variability of productivity traits of animals were analyzed. Globalization of agrarian sector and the competitive between countries were discussed as the factors demanding of needing of special attention to decision-making on the use of imported and indigenous animals. The edition can be useful for all who is interested in a modern situation in agrarian sector, in animal husbandry, development of agrobiotechnologies and using of molecular genetic methods in work with agricultural animal species, to experts in agriculture, and also to teachers and students higher educational institutions of biological and agricultural profiles.